By 2013, Heberprot-P had been registered in 15 other countries and used to treat more than 100,000 patients. Ascertaining the genetic basis of this major histocompatibility complex, or MHC, earned Baruj Benacerraf the 1980 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine and advanced our understanding of immune response and autoimmune diseases (such as multiple sclerosis) by leaps and bounds. The most promising change yet came Tuesday, when the Obama administration announced that American dollars will now be usable in financial transactions in Cuba. Benacerraf later recalled how the mixture of his heritage and upbringing created difficulties for him both in America and when he later temporarily moved to Paris [sources: Benacerraf; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Nobel Prize]. During that time, Finlay didnt give up on his research. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade: 1896 1970." 6: Luis Alvarez (1911-1988) Father-and-son research team Luis and Walter Alvarez peer through a star dome, which shows the orbit and location, relative to Earth, of stars and constellations. Learn more: Grace Murray HopperA Legacy of Innovation and Service. Here are a few basic designs to get you started. "Award Ceremony Speech: Luis Leloir." Convits vaccines for leprosy and leishmaniasis are no longer in use, and the search continues for universally effective and acceptable vaccines for both diseases. He was prolific, but his best-known inventions include the incandescent light bulb, phonograph, and an early movie camera. Dr. Eric Bouffet, director of the brain tumor program at Toronto's Hospital For Sick Children, is the only investigator to date who has completed a Nimotuzumab trial in North America. In 2015, Cuba opened up dozens of wifi zones across Havana. Try this: Wow your science fair judges by building a Tesla Coil of your own. Here are a few basic designs to get you started. After all that excitement, he retired from NASA in 2005 [sources: NASA]. Try this: Check out this video to learn more about the Smart Grid and how its used. Photo by Ernesto Oroza & Penelope de Bozzi. (July 7, 2014) http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/ochoa.html, NASA. He was also inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007. He founded the Native American Intellectual Property Enterprise Council to help fellow Native American inventors. Now, wifi and warming relations with the U.S. are paving the way for a digital revolution. A reported 5,000 patients worldwide have been treated with CimaVax. 2004. Learn more: The Legacy of Dr. George Washington Carver. Known for: Kids may not give a lot of thought to cataracts, but they should still know about Dr. Bath. Learn more: Taking Flight With the Wright Brothers. Try this: Screen movies using a homemade projector built with a cardboard box and a magnifying glass. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/crutzen-lecture.pdf, Encyclopedia Britannica. Vol. The most famous symbol of Cubas embargo-innovation balancing act are the vintage American cars. Invention/discovery . Page 77. 1970. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. We're all painfully aware of how growth, sexual maturity and metabolism kick into overdrive during puberty, but we're usually too distracted to consider the tiny bean-shaped gland with its foot on the throttle. Mexican inventor Victor Ochoa was also a Mexican revolutionary. But after President Obama lowered sanctions in 2009, restored diplomatic ties in 2014, and removed Cuba from the State Sponsors of Terrorism list in 2015a digital revolution has dawned. (July 3, 2014) http://www.bbc.com/news/health-27389259, Benacerraf, Baruj. Learn more: Benjamin Franklins Inventions. Students who studied technology, like 34-year-old Yusnier Fernndez, find ways to put their skills to use. March 26, 2002. In 1993, astronaut Ellen Ochoa became the first Hispanic woman to go to space. From illegally installing rooftop radio antennas to record American music to hotwiring antique cars, Cubans are ingenious at figuring out workarounds to barriers that would otherwise keep them decades behind their neighbors. Hes also received a Nobel Prize for his research on bacterial enzyme, which has enabled inventions related to synthesized RNA. In fact, Lee said, Roswell Park is preparing for another clinical trial of Nimotuzumab in combination with an FDA-approved treatment to see how effective it will be against lung cancer. Astrophysicist France A. Crdovawas the director of the National Science Foundation, a federal agency that develops programs to advance all fields of scientific discovery, from 2014 to 2020. June 18, 2014. (July 4, 2014) http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/02/obituaries/luis-w-alvarez-nobel-physicist-who-explored-atom-dies-at-77.html, The Telegraph (UK). "Luis Alvarez: 1911-1988." (July 7, 2014) http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/65/2/268.full, Houssay, Bernardo. His all-electronic television system made TV one of the worlds favorite past-times. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? All rights reserved. Try this: Find an old CRT TV or monitor and learn how cathode ray tubes work using a strong magnet. The pair have attracted devoted fans that follow their shows across Havana. Mexican-American botanist Ynes Mexia discovered two new plant genera and 500 new plant speciesand she didnt even start collecting plants until she was 51 years old [PDF]. In addition to CimaVax, Roswell Park is also investigating Racotumomab and VSSP -- two more promising cancer drugs invented by CIM. Ideas, Inspiration, and Giveaways for Teachers. Benacerraf was born in Caracas, Venezuela, but lived in Paris as a youth and spent most of his life and career in America. Instead, he gave the world the concept of crop rotation. Nowhere is the old adage about necessity breeding innovation more true than in Cuba. By most measures, the United States' business-friendly environment has proven to be fertile for medical innovation. Countries of origin include: Argentina, Cuba, Spain, United States and Venezuela. In 1961, he headed a new molecular biology department in the National Microbiological Institute, but resigned a year later in reaction to Pern's persecution of intellectuals. Thousands of students graduate with information technology degrees each year, but there are few jobs. Since 2006, Cuba has had a drug for foot ulcers called Heberprot-P that prevents the need for amputations. "Csar Milstein, 74, Who Won Joint Nobel Prize in Medicine." This designation is granted to promising drugs that are not yet licensed in the U.S. He also developed Morse Code: a system of dots and dashes used to send these messages. newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. Learn more: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Lemelson-MIT. From groundbreaking biologists and physicists to innovators in the fields of medicine, botany, and environmental studies, here are 10 game-changing Hispanic scientists you should know about. Photo by Enrique De La Osa/Reuters. He was also a teacher, attorney, administrator, archaeologist and advocate for Mexico's American Indians. The electronic DJ duo Pauza, comprising of Zahira Sanchez and Paula Fernandez, play at a restaurant across the street from the U.S. Embassy in Havana. Known for: Gutenberg was the first European to invent the printing press. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. Learn more: Marie Van Brittan Brown, Black Past. Yellow fever was wiped out of Cuba as well as Panama, enabling engineers to finally complete the Panama Canal [sources: Haas; PBS; UVHSL]. Photo by Ernesto Oroza. Celia Cruz The most popular Latin musical artist of the 20th century was born in Havana, Cuba but spent most of her life in the United States. Recruited by Booker T. Washington for the Tuskegee Institute, George did extensive work and study on agriculture. At the time, researchers were struggling to create targeted pure antibodies that worked against known agents. 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. Thanks to Milsteins work, monoclonal antibodies are now used in everything from diagnostic tests to the treatments of several autoimmune diseases to alleviating COVID-19. However, Colevas cant know for sure if Nimotuzumab has fewer side effects than other drugs in its class, or how effective Nimotuzumab is compared to related treatments, because Bouffets is the only trial of the drug that has been completed in the U.S. (July 7, 2014) http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/chang.html, NASA. (July 4, 2014) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/98025/Alfonso-Caso-y-Andrade, Encyclopedia Britannica. She invented the first compiler, a program that translates programming code to machine language. Though Jobs went on to become more well-known, he and Wozniak worked together to build the Apple I, the home computer that launched a revolution. Dictionary of World Biography. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. This happened after years of debates, protests and lobbying by Mexican-American people who had historically been forced to record themselves as Spanish-speaking, having Spanish origin or white on the census. Nicholas Gerbis Learn more: Guglielmo Marconi (Brittanica). Try this: Watch this video to learn more about stem cells and their importance to modern medicine. "Csar Milstein -- Biographical." Adalberto Alvarez. (July 7, 2014) http://www.6911norfolk.com/d0lbln/105f06/105f06-wohl-alvarez.pdf, World Health Organization. While much of Maldacenas work is tough reading for non-physicists, he has also written several explanations of his work on quantum theory for general audiences, including a popular 2007 Scientific American article tantalizingly entitled The Illusion of Gravity.. Photo by Ernesto Oroza & Penelope de Bozzi. May 2005. who was a sun goddess in early irish mythology; famous cuban inventors. Their flight marked the first engine-powered manned aircraft. His father hailed from Spanish Morocco, but he was greatly influenced by his French-Algerian mother's culture. Since the Cuban government opened 35 wifi hotspots in parks and plazas across the island in July 2015, theyve become ubiquitous. At the time, yellow fever still ravaged the tropics, terrorizing populations and disrupting shipping, especially in Havana [sources: Frierson; Haas; PBS; WHO; UVHSL]. Ellen Ochoa was born in Los Angeles, Calif., and earned her master's degree and doctorate in electrical engineering from Stanford University. But back in 1881, when Finlay first presented his extensive research suggesting that mosquitoes transmitted the disease to Havanas Academy of Sciences, he became a laughingstock. Vol. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. The man credited with one of the most important Mesoamerican discoveries in history started out lecturing on legal philosophy. He was the first African-American to hold a patent for a process known as dry scouring. Today, we call it dry cleaning. Ask kids to name famous inventors, and you might get Thomas Edison or Henry Ford. But tiny resonance particles, which existed for a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, were only detectable by the traces they left behind -- disintegration products and collision reactions with other particles. The trade embargo is holding up research in some crucial areas. Try this: Put together a basic rubber band shooter, then see if you can tinker around to improve the designs distance or accuracy. Some of these are household names, while others deserve more recognition for inventions that have become essential to daily life. To tackle the task, Alvarez developed his own bubble chamber, camera stabilizers and a computerized system for analyzing bubble photographs. His inventions include the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin Stove. "Nobel Prize. Given the thousands of lives he saved and the decades of scorn he endured, we'd say he deserved them. A portable bluetooth speaker for sale is tested out on the streets of Central Havana. "Franklin R. Chang-Daz (Ph.D.)" September 2012. Margarita Carmen Cansino was one of the biggest movie stars in the world in the 1940s and '50s. He also served as rector of UNAM and director of the National Museum and of the National Institute of Anthropology and History [sources: Anthropology News; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Gaillard; Smithsonian]. Known for: If you love a good Netflix binge, thank Philo Farnsworth. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/, Nobel Prize. The most promising change yet came Tuesday, when the Obama administration announced that American dollars will now be. "Leprosy Vaccine Scientist Dies, Aged 100." Photograph by. He spent much of his career working for NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and his innovations in aerospace technology are legendary. His research in Oaxaca led to the excavation of Monte Albn, a major Zapotec city dating from about 500 BCE, and the discovery of Tomb 7, which contained finely carved objects and tools. It has been updated for 2021. Standing a maximum of 60 to 70 centimeters tall, about 2 feet, the 11 cows bred by Hernandez can be kept in a small area, feed on simple grasses and weeds, and can provide enough milk for the average Cuban family. The world will forever associate two names with leprosy, aka Hansen's disease: Norwegian physician Gerhard Hansen, who in 1873 discovered the bacterium that causes it; and Jacinto Convit, who created a new vaccine for the slow-acting, disfiguring and deadly disease by combining a known tuberculosis treatment with an armadillo bacterium in 1987 [sources: BBC; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Chinea; Yandell]. Try this: With a few basic supplies, you can experiment with dry cleaning at home. And while they definitely belong on this list, theyre just the start of the innovators and inventors that kids ought to know. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Houssay performed research in circulation, respiration, immunity, the nervous system, digestion and the treatment of insect and snake bites. IUBMB Life. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? Born in Buenos Aires in 1968, physicist Juan M. Maldacena studies the relationship between quantum gravity and quantum field theories. The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. Subscribe to Here's the Deal, our politics newsletter. Learn more: Alexander Graham Bell (Brittanica). They may not have to wait long: Raul has promised to cede power in 2018, and a likely successor is Vice President Miguel Diaz-Canel, a frequent Facebook user. He argued that evidence showed Indigenous peoples in the Americas formed their own cultures, independently of those in the Old World. By entering your email and clicking Sign Up, you're agreeing to let us send you customized marketing messages about us and our advertising partners. The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. Learn more: Thomas Edison National Historical Park. Learn more: Thomas Jennings, Smithsonian Magazine.
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