Many carboxylic acid-containing drugs are associated with idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT), which may be caused by reactive acyl glucuronide metabolites. In vivo, hydroxylation of the butanamide side chain followed by subsequent oxidation to the carboxylic acid represented the major metabolic step in the authentic case. Give the structure of the reagents (the carboxylic acid and the alcohol) from which the following esters are derived: (10) ОMe (b) (c) (d) ELO OEt 1 Answer +1 vote . They are used in the production of polymers and polyesters. Referring crossword puzzle answers. dicarboxylic acids from which they are derived Maleic anhydride O O O Phthalic anhydride Succinic anhydride O O O O O O Acid Anhydrides . Thus, enantiopure arylalkyl carboxylic acids are attractive synthetic targets and a variety of methodologies have been developed to obtain these compounds. write. Biomass-derived carboxylic acids are important compounds that can be used as platform molecules for the production of a variety of important chemicals on a large scale. nisation processes directly from carboxylic acids.10 The gener-ality of this concept has been extended to a range of formal intermolecular [4 + 2],11 [3 + 2]12 and [2 + 2]13 cycloaddition processes from carboxylic acids or anhydride starting materials (Fig. Key takeaway(S) Concepts Berg. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - Naming Naming Carboxylic acids that are derived from [12] Applying adirecting group strategy,transition metal catalyzed HIE reaction of aliphatic C@Hbonds is acommon way to access a-and b-deuterated amines and alcohol . In labs, carboxylic acids are being used as solvents. The carboxyl group is made up of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups and therefore, the name carboxyl is derived from carbo (from carbonyl) and oxyl from the hydroxyl group. C arboxylic acids are further classified as mono, di- tricarboxylic . Identify the functional group(s) in this molecule. 60 However, although originally assigned the structure (37), these compounds were later reformulated as the amino tautomers . The carboxylic acid shows no activity in vivo, since it is too polar to get absorbed into the blood supply. Here, 13 drugs with a carboxylic acid moiety were incubated with . So we have one and we have four these and then we . Carboxylic acids are weaker than mineral acids, but they are stronger acids than alcohols and many simple phenols [pka for phenols is ~ 10 and for ethanol ~ 16). Give their general formula. Install Kunduz to see the solution & ask doubts to our . 5. Medium. 2a).14 Of particular relevance to this manuscript we have The carboxyl group is made up of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups and therefore, the name carboxyl is derived from carbo (from carbonyl) and oxyl from the hydroxyl group. Identify the functional group(s) in this molecule. carboxylic acid: Any of a class of . The requisite hydrazonyl bromide substrates were readily accessible from the corresponding aldehyde via acid . Acyl glucuronides (AGs) formed from carboxylic acid-containing drugs have been considered to be a cause of idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT). Another BCP-derived carboxylic acid 3 was a precursor for the preparation of glutamic acid analog 4. arrow_forward. Compared to carboxylic acid (pK a ≈ 4.5), boronic acid is a weaker acid (pK a ≈ 10.0) while sulfinic acid (pK a ≈ 2.0) and sulfonic acid (pK a ≈ − 0.5) are stronger acids. Benzoic acid and homologs with up to 3-carbons in alkyl substitutents were minor components in the . Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) depletion has been implicated in the therapeutic action of bipolar disorder drugs, including valproic acid (VPA). Application of the methodology to a petroleum-derived carboxylic acid concentrate resulted in identification of straight chain, isoprenoid, methyl-substituted straight chain (2-, 3-, 5-,10-, 12-positions along chain), and dimethyl-substituted straight chain acids containing from 11 to 22 carbons. We then tested the scope of the carboxylic acid under suitable conditions ().Electron-rich aromatics derived carboxylic acids (2b-2f) were good substrates for this procedure.Arenes with electron-withdrawing functionalities, such as bromide, fluoride, trifluoromethyl and formyl groups were able to be tolerated (2g-2j).Good yields of the MTM ester could be obtained with the conjugated . Chemical stability of AGs is supposed to relate to their reactivity. The names for carboxylic acid and ester compounds are derived using similar nomenclature rules as seen previously with aldehydes, . 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID N269GEQ2TJ Other Structure General Names 3: Identifiers 4: Related Substances 1: 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID N269GEQ2TJ Other . [4] Several related antitumor drugs also carry a terminal HA functionality (1) derived from a carboxylic acid precursor (3; Fig-ure 1B). The first category of acids are the proton donors, or Brønsted-Lowry acids.In the special case of aqueous solutions, proton donors form the hydronium ion H 3 O + and are known as Arrhenius acids. Give their general formula. carboxylic acid moieties, for example, in conjunction with free amino acid derivatives. values give information about the strength of acids and bases; they tell you the pH at which 50% of the drug is ionised, but they do not tell you whether a drug behaves as an acid or a base in solution. Now we will solve our problems. For example, butyl acetate, systematically known as ethanoic acid, is derived from butanol and acetic acid and would be written CH 3 CO 2 C 4 H 9 . The olefins were isolated by continuous distillation in yields up to 87% by heating a neat, equimolar mixture of pivalic anhydride with the appropriate carboxylic acid to 190 °C in the presence of a Pd-phosphine catalyst. (i) Acidity Above reactions are used to detect the presence of carboxyl group Ul an organic compound. AMIDES - are derived from carboxylic acids. The carboxylic acids may be aliphatic or aromatic depending upon whether the -COOH group is attached to the aliphatic alkyl chain or aryl . The (S)-enantiomer of 2-phenylpropionic acid is the basic structure of profens (e.g., Ibuprofen, Naproxen), which are potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Chavda et al., 2007). tutor. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. First week only $4.99! Eso weaken just right. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. The drug known as aspirin is shown here. With a methyl group on the second carbon, the IUPAC name is 2 -methylbutanoic acid. To shift from a petroleum-based to a biomass-based economy will require the development not only of biofuels, but also of biorenewable replacements The functional group of a carboxylic acid is the carboxyl group (carbonyl + hydroxyl). The carboxylic acids may be aliphatic or aromatic depending upon whether the -COOH group is attached to the aliphatic alkyl chain or aryl . 4 In this case, compound 3 was transformed into nitrile 5, which reacted with Bu 3 SnN 3 and then HCl via [3+2] cycloaddition between azide and nitrile triple bond to give tetrazole derivative 6, which in turn was transformed into the target amino acid 4 in four steps. Esters contain a . Ah, something that looks like this. The resulting radicals are trapped by an electron-poor olefin or hydrogen atom source to furnish the Giese reaction or reductive decarboxylation . Acetic acid has a variety of uses, including as raw material and solvent for the production of other chemicals. The most likely explanation is that the ester acts as a prodrug and is metabolised during the in vivo studies to give the active carboxylic acid. The two novel amino acids were added to the family of the sterically constrained amino acids for the . 10. Cyclic esters are known as lactones. In all cases, the reaction worked effectively . Figure 12 outlines the synthetic methods for the oseltamivir boronate, trifluoroborate, sulfinate, sulfonate and sulfone congeners [ 98 ]. Higher members of aliphatic carboxylic acids are known as fatty acids. answered Nov . Carboxylic acids are compounds containing the carboxyl functional group in their molecules. Sulfonamides (RSO 2 NR 2 ) are related to sulfonic acids in structure (RSO 3 H). For the common name, the Greek letter α specifies the carbon atom next to the carboxyl carbon, α-methylbutyric acid. The drug known as naproxen sodium is the sodium salt of the molecule shown here. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. 1 Naming Carboxylic Acids Continued Step 2 Name and number any substituents by counting the carboxyl group as carbon 1. What are aliphatic carboxylic acids? 11. Amines, for example, are basic and have pKa values of approximately 9, while phenols are acidic and typically have pKa values of around 10.The only sure way to know whether a drug is acidic or . The base liquid fraction usually contains high concentrations of ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acids, of which each can cause detrimental issues related to the storage and upgrading process. Give an example. study resourcesexpand_more. It started with esterification of racemic 2-aza-bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octane-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride 52 with benzyl alcohol in refluxing toluene in the presence of boric acid as a catalyst, followed by a fully-bodied resolution using cheap and recyclable L-(+)-mandelic acid as vital steps to give the ester, the (S, S, S)-2-aza-bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octane-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester 54 in 83%. Ionic amides, also known as saltlike amides, are extremely alkaline compounds made by reacting ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium. Here we show that temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) together with linear . Um, that would combine to form esters. Start exploring! We've got the study and writing resources you need for your assignments. Decarbonylation of carboxylic acids provides an effective protocol for producing alpha olefins; however, previous literature has focused on the palladium-bisphosphine catalysts and has only sporadically studied the palladium-monophosphine catalyst. Chapter-10-Carboxylic-Acids - View presentation slides online. Similar: Aromatic pesticides, derived from carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function, and their derivatives, nesoi p-Anisic acid; clofibrate; 1,6-hexanediol-bis(3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate; and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid 1-Hydroxy-6-octadecyloxy-2-naphthalenccarboxylic acid; and 1-hydroxy-6-docosyloxy-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)propionic acid and . Aliphatic acids: Formic acid HCOOH Acetic acid CH-3COOH Aromatic acids Bezoic acid : H in benzene substituted by COOH m-Nitrobenzoic acid: H in benzene substituted by NO-2 . Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids. The most important group is carboxamides (R′CONR 2), which are derived from carboxylic acids (R′COOH). 1. a) CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3 . Clue: Compound derived from a carboxylic acid, often. 2a).14 Of particular relevance to this manuscript we have Knowing the carbonyl species and the concentration of each will provide value information to . Give their formula. There are related clues (shown below). Study Resources. Medium. Aliphatic carboxylic acids are those with straight chain carbon while aromatic carboxylic acids are carboxylic compounds of benzene like benzoic acid. These on car box, like acid, where certain Esther's have been given. In this study, the half-lives of 21 AGs of carboxylic drugs in potassium phosphate buffer (KPB), human serum albumin (HSA) solution, and human fresh plasma were analyzed in relation to . What are carboxylic acids? The rate of acyl migration has been earlier suggested as a predictor of acyl glucuronide reactivity. It is not currently known whether the effect of VPA on InsP3 depletion is related to the deleterious effects of teratogenicity or elevated viral replication, or if it occurs via putative inhibitory effects on glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Electro-induced reduction of redox active esters and N-phthalimidoyl oxalates derived from naturally abundant carboxylic acids and alcohols provides a sustainable and inexpensive approach to radical formation via undivided electrochemical cells. ESTER; Likely related crossword puzzle clues. The general form of an aromatic carboxylic acid is ArCOOH. Abstract Converting biomass to a useful fuel commonly incorporates the pyrolysis of the biomass feed stock. ic amines and carboxylic acids would provide avaluable tool, targeting the study of metabolic pathways of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics as well as the optimization of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of drugs. From the illustration provided above, it can be observed that a carboxylic acid contains a hydroxyl group attached to a carbonyl carbon. The general form of an aliphatic carboxylic acid is RCOOH. View Org_Chem.12_Carboxylic_acids.pdf from FESP 038511 at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu. ← Prev Question Next Question → 0 votes . It can be found in the kitchen in vinegar; however, the acetic acid present in the vinegar is solute (5-8% as a volume . Identify the functional group(s) in this molecule. A carboxylic acids contain the -COOH functional group and in the amide the -OH What are carboxylic acids? Glycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol; they are important in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids and comprising the bulk of animal fats and vegetable . Right. A carboxylic acid is, therefore, a much stronger acid than the corresponding alcohol, because, when it loses its proton, a more stable ion results. Used is one mall off this molecule in the second molecule, the car box. The general formula C n H 2 n + 1 C O O H. Solve any question of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids with:- . ABSTRACT . Further support for the participation of the carbonyl oxygen in the reaction was provided by the discovery that isoquinoline-derived Reissert compounds (32) could be treated with anhydrous acids to give salts which could be decomposed to aldehydes RCHO with aqueous acid. In this study, the half-lives of 21 AGs of carboxylic drugs in potassium phosphate buffer (KPB), human serum albumin (HSA) solution, and human fresh plasma were analyzed in relation to . Sort A-Z . The drug known as aspirin is shown here. drugs attractive for the treatment of various cancer types. www.manaraa.com 1 . Altered CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 status might cause a different metabolite pattern, making the . Download scientific diagram | Biologically active compounds and drugs derived from chiral carboxylic acid Ibuprofen and Naproxen (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs); (R)-Tiagabine (γ . Carboxylate anion is more resonance stabilized than phenoxide ion as the - ve charge is spread on two oxygen atoms rather than one in phenoxide ion. Subjectschevron_right; RESOURCES . Carboxylic acids do not give reactions of carbonyl groups as it enters into resonance with lone pair of O of -OH group. Marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids with many purported beneficial health effects including the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events. Solution. Start your trial now! KunduzApp. Omega-3 . The general structure of a carboxylic acid is illustrated below. The initial development of the proposed approach began with the application of tolyl hydrazonyl bromide 1a as a NI precursor12,13 and benzyl amine as an appropriate amine coupling partner (Table 1). Therefore, an understanding of its mechanism can help to carry out the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass more efficiently. learn. Home; Browse Drugs. Give the structure of the reagents (the carboxylic acid and the alcohol) from which the following esters are derived: (10) ОMe (b) (c) (d) ELO OEt ; Question: 5. Structure and Bonding. US Approved Drugs; Marketed Drugs; Investigational Drugs; All Substances; Search. Compound derived from a carboxylic acid, often is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted 1 time. Return Home Inxight: Drugs. These tests indicate that the carboxylic acid is an important binding group and not the ester. 4 to give the acetoxy-derivative 4. Answers. For the IUPAC name drop the final -e form the parent alkane and replace it with the suffix -oic acid. An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. An ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one -OH hydroxyl group is replaced by an -O- alkyl group, as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Solution. Chemical stability of AGs is supposed to relate to their reactivity. That is, he is three c 00 H. And alcohol. An organic compound containing the carboxyl group (C O O H) is known as carboxylic acid. (i) Acidity Above reactions are used to detect the presence of carboxyl group Ul an organic compound. So this question we're running out condensed forms for ah, both carb oxalic acid and alcohols. Due to the . Why is COOH more acidic than Oh? First, 3 was converted to the derivative O,O-dimethylated 8 with methyl iodide in acetone at 102 °C using condenser cooling to −8 °C. 1. a) CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3 . EPANOVA, a lipid-regulating agent, is a coated soft-gelatin capsule containing 1 gram of fish oil-derived free fatty acids, designated "omega-3-carboxylic acids," with at least 850 mg of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including multiple omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid being the most abundant). Synthesis of 6-amino-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-6-carboxylic acid and 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-6-carboxylic acid was performed. asked Nov 16, 2021 in Chemistry by AyraBhatt (32.1k points) closed Nov 24, 2021 by AyraBhatt. Although different . Answers. Acyl glucuronides (AGs) formed from carboxylic acid-containing drugs have been considered to be a cause of idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT). An organic compound containing the carboxyl group (C O O H) is known as carboxylic acid. Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is a promising new tool for medical applications of MR, including MRI. Because free carboxylic acid groups are prone to glucuronidation during phase 2 metabolism (Sakaguchi et al., 2004), installation of less acidic bioisosteres may improve metabolic properties of amlexanox; however, in assays with cultured adipocytes, metabolism is expected to be insignificant because of a lack of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Indeed, a large number (>450) of carboxylic acid-containing drugs have been marketed worldwide, including widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, anticoagulants, and cholesterol-lowering statins, among others. Carboxylic acids are compounds containing the carboxyl functional group in their molecules. Verified by Toppr. They are used in the food industry. The key intermediates for a large number of drugs or bioactive compounds, such as Artemisinin. The names for carboxylic acid and ester compounds are derived using similar nomenclature rules as seen previously with aldehydes, . 1 Give the IUPAC and common name for . The drug known as naproxen sodium is the sodium salt of the molecule shown here. The common explanation for why carboxylic acids are more acidic than other molecules (such as alcohols) is that resonance delocalization of charge stabilizes the conjugate base anion relative to the reactant acid. 11. We then tested the scope of the carboxylic acid under suitable conditions ().Electron-rich aromatics derived carboxylic acids (2b-2f) were good substrates for this procedure.Arenes with electron-withdrawing functionalities, such as bromide, fluoride, trifluoromethyl and formyl groups were able to be tolerated (2g-2j).Good yields of the MTM ester could be obtained with the conjugated . Lactic acid, a prototypical biomass derivative, and levulinic acid, an important chemical feedstock produced by hydrolysis of waste cellulosic materials, can be upgraded using bifunctional catalysts (those containing metal and . Are carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids the . 29 views. Initial screening experiments with the most relevant CYPs indicated that mainly CYP2D6 and 3A4 were involved in the primary metabolic steps. Chemistry Carboxylic acids derived from oxidation of monosaccharides are compounds that: a) can be oxidized, and therefore act as reducing agents b) can be reduced, and therefore act as reducing agents c) have been oxidized, and have acted as reducing agents d) have been oxidized, and have acted as oxidizing agents Answer. , Carboxylic acids dissociate in water to give resonance stabilised carboxylate anions and hydronium ion. On treatment with strong alkalis, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, and the corresponding hydroxy-keto and diketo acids, give α-octyl-α-hydroxysebacic acid in high yield by a benzilic acid type of . The common names for carboxylic acids are usually derived from Latin (or) Greek words that indicate the original source of the individual acid. The general formula C n H 2 n + 1 C O O H . The PHIP technique can be used to transfer high non-Boltzmann polarization, derived f. close. Open in App. After a drug-drug interaction (DDI) investigation, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cynarin were found and validated to inhibit hOAT1 in a competitive manner, and deoxycholic . 10. Additionally, acyl Coenzyme A (CoA) conjugates are known to be reactive. hydrogen ion, H +), known as a Brønsted-Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an important carboxylic acid with the chemical formula {CH}_{3}{COOH}, a distinctive pungent odor, and a sour flavor. Give their formula. Solution for What is a carboxylic acid? Verified by Toppr. All common names of these acids end with-ic acid. Solution for Question 28 Carboxylic acids derived from oxidation of monosaccharides are compounds that: O can be reduced, and therefore act as reducing agents O… Ex: The name formic acid HCOOH is derived from the Latin word 'Formica' which . Identify the functional group(s) in this molecule. Buy Enol intermediates derived from carboxylic acids, esters and amides by Alex R Eberlin (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store. Ketonization is a promising way for upgrading bio-derived carboxylic acids from pyrolysis bio-oils, waste oils, and fats to produce high value-added chemicals and biofuels. So for part A, we're running out the condensed form for this notice that there is 123456 carbons kind of associated with the carb oxalic acid. nisation processes directly from carboxylic acids.10 The gener-ality of this concept has been extended to a range of formal intermolecular [4 + 2],11 [3 + 2]12 and [2 + 2]13 cycloaddition processes from carboxylic acids or anhydride starting materials (Fig. Alternative presentations are common, including BuOAc and CH 3 COOC 4 H 9. NOTE: the carboxyl carbon is by definition number 1 . Omega-3 fatty acid intake may be supplemented via dietary sources, as well as prescription or non-prescription products. Carboxylic acids are used in pharmaceutical drugs. Search Substances. The API consists of a mixture of free fatty acids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), with the predominant being the omega-3 carboxylic acids Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Many carboxylic acids are used as food preservatives. Both four-membered rings in the spirocyclic scaffold were constructed by subsequent ring closure of corresponding 1,3-bis-electrophiles at 1,1-C- or 1,1-N-bis-nucleophiles. Carboxylic acids do not give reactions of carbonyl groups as it enters into resonance with lone pair of O of -OH group. dicarboxylic acids from which they are derived Maleic anhydride O O O Phthalic anhydride Succinic anhydride O O O O O O Acid Anhydrides . The palladium-catalyzed decarbonylation of bio-derived carboxylic acids to alkyl acrylates, styrene, and acrylonitrile is reported. Sample Problem 16. parts of the carboxylic acid and alcohol, respectively. Multiple commercially used drug molecules bearing carboxylic acid moieties were also modified to give the corresponding ester products (56-59, 63). Chiral carboxylic acids such as Ibuprofen, Naproxen 1, 2, and ( R )-Tiagabine 3 are well-known drugs. They are used in the manufacturing of soap (saponification). Organic compound . , Carboxylic acids dissociate in water to give resonance stabilised carboxylate anions and hydronium ion. What are aliphatic carboxylic acids? [2] For example, the aryl HA-based HDAC inhibitor Abexinostat (Figure 1A) shows nanomolar in vitro activity and is used alone or in combination[3] against a broad array of cancers. Taking advantage of the differential reactivity of the phenol and carboxylic acid groups, obtaining acid 5 with methylated phenolic hydroxyl was carried out in two steps. Study Check 16. Previous Tariff (2918.90.18 - 4-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)butyric acid; p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid; and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid) Next Tariff (2918.90.30 - Aromatic drugs derived from carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function, and their derivatives, nesoi) HTS Number: 2918.90.20 Description: Aromatic pesticides, derived from carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function . To investigate the catalytic activity of the palladium-monophosphine catalyst on decarbonylation of carboxylic acids, new monophosphine ligands . Structure Search; Sequence Search; About; Downloads ; Search Substances. View Amides and Amines.pptx from BACHELOR O 100 at Universidad de Zamboanga. And we have to write the car box like acid and alcohol, which is used to prepare these Esther's. So in the first one, the car box, like it said, used two moles off economic acid. Omega-3 carboxylic acids are a naturally sourced drug product obtained from the body oil of several fish sources. Open in App. Organic Lecture Series 7777 • The functional group of an ester is an acyl group bonded to -OR or -OAr - name the alkyl or aryl group bonded to oxygen followed by the name of the acid - change the suffix -ic acid to -ate O O EtO O OEt O O O Ethyl . To demonstrate API equivalency with the RLD, a test drug product . aldehydes; ketones; carboxylic acids; class-12; Share It On Facebook Twitter Email. The first four carboxylic acids derived from alkanes are methanoic acid (HCOOH), ethanoic acid (CH 3 COOH), propanoic acid (C 2 H 5 COOH) and butanoic acid (C 3 H 7 COOH). Organic Lecture Series 7777 • The functional group of an ester is an acyl group bonded to -OR or -OAr - name the alkyl or aryl group bonded to oxygen followed by the name of the acid - change the suffix -ic acid to -ate O O EtO O OEt O O O Ethyl .
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